diff --git a/wp-includes/capabilities.php b/wp-includes/capabilities.php
index 2d5cd9a958..5eea17197a 100644
--- a/wp-includes/capabilities.php
+++ b/wp-includes/capabilities.php
@@ -73,6 +73,25 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			break;
 		case 'delete_post':
 		case 'delete_page':
+			if ( ! isset( $args[0] ) ) {
+				if ( 'delete_post' === $cap ) {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific post.' );
+				} else {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific page.' );
+				}
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf( $message, '<code>' . $cap . '</code>' ),
+					'6.1.0'
+				);
+
+				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+				break;
+			}
+
 			$post = get_post( $args[0] );
 			if ( ! $post ) {
 				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
@@ -92,7 +111,18 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
 			if ( ! $post_type ) {
 				/* translators: 1: Post type, 2: Capability name. */
-				_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+				$message = __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability %2$s against a post of that type.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf(
+						$message,
+						'<code>' . $post->post_type . '</code>',
+						'<code>' . $cap . '</code>'
+					),
+					'4.4.0'
+				);
+
 				$caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
 				break;
 			}
@@ -146,6 +176,25 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 		// edit_others_posts.
 		case 'edit_post':
 		case 'edit_page':
+			if ( ! isset( $args[0] ) ) {
+				if ( 'edit_post' === $cap ) {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific post.' );
+				} else {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific page.' );
+				}
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf( $message, '<code>' . $cap . '</code>' ),
+					'6.1.0'
+				);
+
+				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+				break;
+			}
+
 			$post = get_post( $args[0] );
 			if ( ! $post ) {
 				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
@@ -163,7 +212,18 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
 			if ( ! $post_type ) {
 				/* translators: 1: Post type, 2: Capability name. */
-				_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+				$message = __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability %2$s against a post of that type.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf(
+						$message,
+						'<code>' . $post->post_type . '</code>',
+						'<code>' . $cap . '</code>'
+					),
+					'4.4.0'
+				);
+
 				$caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
 				break;
 			}
@@ -215,6 +275,25 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			break;
 		case 'read_post':
 		case 'read_page':
+			if ( ! isset( $args[0] ) ) {
+				if ( 'read_post' === $cap ) {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific post.' );
+				} else {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific page.' );
+				}
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf( $message, '<code>' . $cap . '</code>' ),
+					'6.1.0'
+				);
+
+				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+				break;
+			}
+
 			$post = get_post( $args[0] );
 			if ( ! $post ) {
 				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
@@ -232,7 +311,18 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
 			if ( ! $post_type ) {
 				/* translators: 1: Post type, 2: Capability name. */
-				_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+				$message = __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability %2$s against a post of that type.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf(
+						$message,
+						'<code>' . $post->post_type . '</code>',
+						'<code>' . $cap . '</code>'
+					),
+					'4.4.0'
+				);
+
 				$caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
 				break;
 			}
@@ -249,7 +339,18 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			$status_obj = get_post_status_object( get_post_status( $post ) );
 			if ( ! $status_obj ) {
 				/* translators: 1: Post status, 2: Capability name. */
-				_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post status %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post with that status.' ), get_post_status( $post ), $cap ), '5.4.0' );
+				$message = __( 'The post status %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability %2$s against a post with that status.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf(
+						$message,
+						'<code>' . get_post_status( $post ) . '</code>',
+						'<code>' . $cap . '</code>'
+					),
+					'5.4.0'
+				);
+
 				$caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
 				break;
 			}
@@ -268,6 +369,20 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'publish_post':
+			if ( ! isset( $args[0] ) ) {
+				/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+				$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific post.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf( $message, '<code>' . $cap . '</code>' ),
+					'6.1.0'
+				);
+
+				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+				break;
+			}
+
 			$post = get_post( $args[0] );
 			if ( ! $post ) {
 				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
@@ -277,7 +392,18 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			$post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
 			if ( ! $post_type ) {
 				/* translators: 1: Post type, 2: Capability name. */
-				_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+				$message = __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability %2$s against a post of that type.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf(
+						$message,
+						'<code>' . $post->post_type . '</code>',
+						'<code>' . $cap . '</code>'
+					),
+					'4.4.0'
+				);
+
 				$caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
 				break;
 			}
@@ -297,7 +423,33 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 		case 'delete_user_meta':
 		case 'add_user_meta':
 			$object_type = explode( '_', $cap )[1];
-			$object_id   = (int) $args[0];
+
+			if ( ! isset( $args[0] ) ) {
+				if ( 'post' === $object_type ) {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific post.' );
+				} elseif ( 'comment' === $object_type ) {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific comment.' );
+				} elseif ( 'term' === $object_type ) {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific term.' );
+				} else {
+					/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+					$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific user.' );
+				}
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf( $message, '<code>' . $cap . '</code>' ),
+					'6.1.0'
+				);
+
+				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+				break;
+			}
+
+			$object_id = (int) $args[0];
 
 			$object_subtype = get_object_subtype( $object_type, $object_id );
 
@@ -392,6 +544,20 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'edit_comment':
+			if ( ! isset( $args[0] ) ) {
+				/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+				$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific comment.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf( $message, '<code>' . $cap . '</code>' ),
+					'6.1.0'
+				);
+
+				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+				break;
+			}
+
 			$comment = get_comment( $args[0] );
 			if ( ! $comment ) {
 				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
@@ -532,6 +698,20 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id, ...$args ) {
 		case 'edit_term':
 		case 'delete_term':
 		case 'assign_term':
+			if ( ! isset( $args[0] ) ) {
+				/* translators: %s: Capability name. */
+				$message = __( 'When checking for the %s capability, you must always check it against a specific term.' );
+
+				_doing_it_wrong(
+					__FUNCTION__,
+					sprintf( $message, '<code>' . $cap . '</code>' ),
+					'6.1.0'
+				);
+
+				$caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+				break;
+			}
+
 			$term_id = (int) $args[0];
 			$term    = get_term( $term_id );
 			if ( ! $term || is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
diff --git a/wp-includes/version.php b/wp-includes/version.php
index 5f01ab0704..871c346f9b 100644
--- a/wp-includes/version.php
+++ b/wp-includes/version.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
  *
  * @global string $wp_version
  */
-$wp_version = '6.1-alpha-53404';
+$wp_version = '6.1-alpha-53408';
 
 /**
  * Holds the WordPress DB revision, increments when changes are made to the WordPress DB schema.